Neo4j Online Tutorials

Neo4j is a graph database management system (GDBMS) developed by Neo4j Inc.

Neo4j
Developer(s)Neo4j Inc.
Initial release2007; 17 years ago (2007)
Stable release
5.25.1 Edit this on Wikidata / 31 October 2024; 23 days ago (31 October 2024)
Repository
  • github.com/neo4j/neo4j Edit this at Wikidata
Written inJava
TypeGraph database
License
  • Source code: GPLv3 and AGPLv3 with Commons Clause
  • Binaries: Freemium registerware
Websiteneo4j.com

The data elements Neo4j stores are nodes, edges connecting them, and attributes of nodes and edges. Described by its developers as an ACID-compliant transactional database with native graph storage and processing, Neo4j is available in a non-open-source "community edition" licensed with a modification of the GNU General Public License, with online backup and high availability extensions licensed under a closed-source commercial license. Neo also licenses Neo4j with these extensions under closed-source commercial terms.

Neo4j is implemented in Java and accessible from software written in other languages using the Cypher query language through a transactional HTTP endpoint, or through the binary "Bolt" protocol. The "4j" in Neo4j is a reference to its being built in Java, however is now largely viewed as an anachronism.

History

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Neo4j is developed by Neo4j, Inc., based in San Mateo, California, United States and Malmö, Sweden.

Version 1.0 was released in February 2010.

Neo4j version 2.0 was released in December 2013.

Neo4j version 3.0 was released in April 2016.

In November 2016, Neo4j successfully secured $36M in Series D Funding led by Greenbridge Partners Ltd.

In November 2018, Neo4j successfully secured $80M in Series E Funding led by One Peak Partners and Morgan Stanley Expansion Capital, with participation from other investors including Creandum, Eight Roads and Greenbridge Partners.

In June 2021, Neo4j announced another round of funding, $325M in Series F.[16]

Release history

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Release history
Release First release[17] Latest

minor version[18]

Latest release[18] End of
Support Date[17]
1.0 2010-02-23 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0 — 2011-08-23
1.1 2010-07-30 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.1 — 2012-01-30
1.2 2010-12-29 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.2 — 2012-06-29
1.3 2011-04-12 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.3 — 2012-09-12
1.4 2011-07-08 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.4 — 2013-01-08
1.5 2011-11-09 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.5 — 2013-03-09
1.6 2012-01-22 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.6 — 2013-07-22
1.7 2012-04-18 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.7 — 2013-10-18
1.8 2012-09-28 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.8 — 2014-03-28
1.9 2013-05-21 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.9.9 2014-10-13 2014-11-21
2.0 2013-12-11 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0.4 2014-07-08 2015-06-11
2.1 2014-05-29 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.1.8 2015-04-01 2015-11-29
2.2 2015-03-25 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2.10 2016-06-16 2016-09-25
2.3 2015-10-21 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.3.12 2017-12-12 2017-04-21
3.0 2016-04-16 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0.12 2017-10-03 2017-10-31
3.1 2016-12-13 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.1.9 2018-06-05 2018-06-13
3.2 2017-05-11 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.2.14 2019-02-26 2018-11-31
3.3 2017-10-24 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.3.9 2018-11-02 2019-04-28
3.4 2018-05-17 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.4.17 2019-11-19 2020-03-31
3.5 2018-11-29 Old version, no longer maintained: 3.5.35 2022-08-11 2022-05-27
4.0 2020-01-15 Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0.12 2021-07-06 2021-07-14
4.1 2020-06-23 Old version, no longer maintained: 4.1.12 2022-08-11 2021-12-22
4.2 2020-11-17 Old version, no longer maintained: 4.2.19 2022-08-11 2022-05-16
4.3 2021-06-17 Old version, no longer maintained: 4.3.23 2022-12-21 2022-12-16
4.4 2021-12-02 Old version, yet still maintained: 4.4.38 2024-10-08 2025-06-30
5.0 2022-10-06 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0 — 2022-10-24
5.1 2022-10-24 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.1 — Release of 5.2
5.2 2022-11-21 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.2 — Release of 5.3
5.3 2022-12-15 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.3 — Release of 5.4
5.4 2023-01-26 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.4 — Release of 5.5
5.5 2023-02-16 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.5 — Release of 5.6
5.6 2023-03-24 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.6 — Release of 5.7
5.7 2023-04-20 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.7 — Release of 5.8
5.8 2023-05-16 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.8 — Release of 5.9
5.9 2023-06-15 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.9 — Release of 5.10
5.10 2023-07-19 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.10 — Release of 5.11
5.11 2023-08-15 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.11 — Release of 5.12
5.12 2023-09-14 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.12 — Release of 5.13
5.13 2023-10-23 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.13 — Release of 5.14
5.14 2023-11-24 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.14 — Release of 5.15
5.15 2023-12-15 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.15 — Release of 5.16
5.16 2024-01-22 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.16 — Release of 5.17
5.17 2024-02-23 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.17 — Release of 5.18
5.18 2024-03-13 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.18.1 2024-03-18 Release of 5.19
5.19 2024-04-12 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.19 — Release of 5.20
5.20 2024-05-23 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.20 — Release of 5.21
5.21 2024-06-28 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.21.2 2024-07-09 Release of 5.22
5.22.0 2024-07-25 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.22.0 — Release of 5.23
5.23 2024-08-22 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.23 — Release of 5.24
5.24 2024-09-27 Old version, no longer maintained: 5.24.2 2024-10-15 Release of 5.25
5.25.1 2024-10-31 Current stable version: 5.25.1 —
Legend:
Old version, not maintained
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Licensing and editions

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Neo4j comes in five editions. Two are on-premises editions, Community (free) and Enterprise, and three are cloud-only editions: AuraDB Free, AuraDB Professional, and AuraDB Enterprise.

It is dual-licensed: GPL v3 (with parts of the code under AGPLv3 with Commons Clause), and a proprietary license. The Community Edition is free but is limited to running on one node only due to the lack of clustering and is without hot backups.[19]

The Enterprise Edition unlocks these limitations, allowing for clustering, hot backups, and monitoring. The Enterprise Edition is available under a closed-source commercial license.

The licensing is controversial and has been the subject of at least one lawsuit.[20]

Data structure

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The data elements are nodes, edges which connect nodes to one another, and attributes of nodes and edges. Nodes and edges can be labelled. Labels can be used to narrow searches. As of version 2.0, indexing was added to Cypher with the introduction of schemas.[21] Previously, indexes were supported separately from Cypher.[22]

Criticisms

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Database researcher Andy Pavlo from Carnegie Mellon University has questioned graph databases' decision to abandon the longstanding relational model in favor of a custom model.[23] Researchers from CWI benchmarked a modified version of DuckDB against Neo4j on graph-related workloads and found that, despite being an extension of a relational database running SQL, their implementation outperforms Neo4j in a few specific tasks.[24]

Neo4j sued PureThink, a small business that had used a power created under the terms of the GNU AGPL, to remove a restrictive Commons clause that Neo4j had added to the AGPL license.[20][25] The United States District Court for the Northern District of California made a decision on 2024-07-22 to impose $597,000 in actual damages on PureThink, having previously decided that PureThink had violated the DMCA by removing the Commons Clause from Neo4j's AGPL license, and that it had violated trademark law by continuing to use the name Neo4j in selling to government agencies.[26]

See also

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  • ISO-GQL
  • Cypher (query language)

References

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  1. ^ Neubauer, Peter [@peterneubauer] (17 Feb 2010). "@sarkkine #Neo4j was developed as part of a CMS SaaS 2000-2007, became released OSS 2007 when Neo Technology spun out" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  2. ^ https://neo4j.com/release-notes/database/neo4j-5/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ Neo Technology. "Neo4j Graph Database". Retrieved 2015-11-04.
  4. ^ Philip Rathle (November 15, 2018). "Simplicity Wins: We're Shifting to an Open Core Licensing Model for Neo4j Enterprise Edition". Retrieved 2019-01-16.
  5. ^ Emil Eifrem (April 13, 2011). "Graph Databases, Licensing and MySQL". Archived from the original on 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2011-04-29.
  6. ^ "Bolt Protocol".
  7. ^ Todd Hoff (June 13, 2009). "Neo4j - a Graph Database that Kicks Buttox". High Scalability. Possibility Outpost. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
  8. ^ Gavin Terrill (June 5, 2008). "Neo4j - an Embedded, Network Database". InfoQ. C4Media Inc. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
  9. Neo4j Tutorials: Neo4j is an open-source, transactional graph database well suited to connected data. You can use it for a variety of use-cases directly from all JVM languages or via other language drivers via the HTTP-APIs

Latest online Neo4j Tutorials with example so this page for both freshers and experienced candidate who want to get job in Neo4j company

Latest online Neo4j Tutorials for both freshers and experienced

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