Ugetsu, Tales of Ugetsu or Ugetsu Monogatari (????) is a 1953 Japanese romantic fantasy drama film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi and based on stories in Ueda Akinari's book of the same name. It is a ghost story and an example of the jidaigeki (period drama) genre, starring Masayuki Mori and Machiko Ky?.
Ugetsu | |
---|---|
1953 Japanese poster | |
Directed by | Kenji Mizoguchi |
Produced by | Masaichi Nagata |
Written by | Matsutar? Kawaguchi Yoshikata Yoda |
Based on | Ugetsu Monogatari by Akinari Ueda |
Starring | Masayuki Mori Machiko Ky? Kinuyo Tanaka |
Music by | Fumio Hayasaka Ichir? Sait? Tamekichi Mochizuki |
Cinematography | Kazuo Miyagawa |
Edited by | Mitsuz? Miyata |
Production company | Daiei Film |
Distributed by | Daiei Film |
Release date |
|
Running time | 94 minutes |
Country | Japan |
Language | Japanese |
Drawing its plot particularly from Ueda's tales "The House in the Thicket" and "The Lust of the White Serpent," the film is set in Azuchi–Momoyama period Japan. It is about a peasant farmer and potter who leaves his wife and young son during civil war, and is seduced by a spirit that threatens his life. A subplot involves his friend, who dreams of becoming a great samurai and achieves this at the unintended expense of his wife.
Major themes include the ethics of war, forbidden relationships with the spirit world, and neglect of family duty. The film won the Silver Lion Award at the 1953 Venice Film Festival and other honours. Ugetsu is one of Mizoguchi's most celebrated films, regarded by critics as a masterpiece of Japanese cinema. It is credited with simultaneously helping to popularise Japanese cinema in the West and influencing later Japanese film.
Screenplay
In the farming village Nakanog?, on the shore of Lake Biwa in ?mi Province in the Sengoku period, Genj?r?, a potter, takes his wares to nearby ?mizo. He is accompanied by T?bei, who dreams of becoming a samurai. A respected sage tells Genj?r?'s wife Miyagi to warn her husband about seeking profit in times of upheaval, and to prepare for a probable attack on the village. Genj?r? arrives with wide profits, but she asks him to stop. Genj?r? nevertheless works long hours to finish his pottery. That night, Shibata Katsuie's army sweeps through Nakanog?, and Genj?r?, T?bei and their wives are uprooted. Genj?r? collects his pottery from the kiln, and decides to take the pots to a different marketplace. As the two couples travel across a lake, a boat appears from thick fog. The sole passenger tells them he was attacked by pirates, warns them back to their homes, then dies. The two men decide to return their wives to the shore. T?bei's wife Ohama refuses to go. Miyagi begs Genj?r? not to leave her, but is left on the shore with their young son, Gen'ichi, clasped to her back. At market, Genj?r?'s pottery sells well. After taking his promised share of the profits, T?bei runs off to buy samurai armor, and sneaks into the ranks of a clan of samurai. Lost from her companions, Ohama has wandered beyond Nagahama in her desperate search for T?bei. She is raped by a group of soldiers.
Genj?r? is visited by a noblewoman and her female servant, who order several pieces of pottery and tell him to take them to the Kutsuki mansion. Genj?r? learns that Nobunaga's soldiers have attacked the manor and killed all who lived there, except Lady Wakasa and her servant. He also learns that Lady Wakasa's father haunts the manor. Genj?r? is seduced by Lady Wakasa, and she convinces him to marry her. Meanwhile, Nakanog? is under attack. Miyagi and her son hide from soldiers and are found by an elderly woman who hurries them to safety. In the woods, several soldiers desperately search her for food. She fights with the soldiers and is stabbed. She collapses with her son still clutching her back.
T?bei steals the severed head of a general, which he presents to the commander of the victorious side. He is rewarded with armor, a mount, and a retinue. T?bei later rides into the marketplace on his new horse, eager to return home to show his wife. However, he visits a brothel and finds her working there as a prostitute. T?bei promises to buy back her honor. Later, the two return to Nakanog?, T?bei throwing his armor into a river along the way.
Genj?r? meets a priest, who tells him to return to his loved ones or certain death awaits him. When Genj?r? mentions the noblewoman, the priest reveals that the noblewoman is dead and must be exorcised, and then invites Genj?r? to his home where he paints Buddhist prayers on his body. Genj?r? returns to the Kutsuki mansion. He admits that he is married, has a child and wishes to return home. Lady Wakasa will not let him go. She and her servant admit they are spirits, returned to this world so that Lady Wakasa, who was slain before she knew love, could experience its joys. They tell him to wash away the Buddhist symbols. Genj?r? reaches for a sword, throws himself out of the manor, and passes out. The next day, he is awakened by soldiers. They accuse him of stealing the sword, but he denies it, saying it is from the Kutsuki mansion. The soldiers laugh at him, saying the Kutsuki mansion was burned down over a month ago. Genj?r? arises and finds the mansion he has lived in is nothing more than a pile of burnt wood. The soldiers confiscate his money, but because Shibata's army burned down the prison, they leave Genj?r? in the rubble. He returns home by foot, searching for his wife.
Miyagi, delighted to see him, will not let him tell of his terrible mistake. Genj?r? holds his sleeping son in his arms, and eventually lies down to sleep. The next morning, Genj?r? wakes to the village chief knocking on his door. He is surprised to see Genj?r? home, and expresses concern. He explains that he has been caring for Genj?r?'s son, and that the boy must have come to his old home in the middle of the night. Genj?r? calls for Miyagi. The neighbor asks if Genj?r? is dreaming, as his wife is dead. Miyagi's spirit tells Genj?r?: "I am always with you", while he continues on pottery, and their son offers food to her.
- Machiko Ky? as Lady Wakasa
- Mitsuko Mito as Ohama
- Kinuyo Tanaka as Miyagi
- Masayuki Mori as Genj?r?
- Eitaro Ozawa as T?bei (as Sakae Ozawa)
- Ikio Sawamura as Genichi
- Kikue M?ri as Ukon, Lady Wakasa's Nurse
- Ry?suke Kagawa as Village Master
- Eigoro Onoe as Knight
- Saburo Date as Vassal
- Sugisaku Aoyama as Old Priest
- Reiko Kongo as an Old Woman in Brothel
- Shozo Nanbu as Shinto Priest
- Ichir? Amano as Boatsman
- Kichijir? Ueda as Shop Owner
- Teruko Omi as Prostitute
- Keiko Koyanagi as Prostitute
- Mitsusabur? Ramon as Captain of Tamba Soldiers
- Jun Fujikawa as Lost Soldier
- Ryuuji Fukui as Lost Soldier
- Masayoshi Kikuno as Soldier
- Hajime Koshikawa
- Sugisaka Koyama as High Priest
- Ryuzaburo Mitsuoka as Soldier
- Koji Murata
- Fumihiko Yokoyama
Development
After the success of his previous film The Life of Oharu, Mizoguchi was offered to make a film by his old friend Masaichi Nagata at Daiei Film studios. The deal promised Mizoguchi complete artistic control and a large budget. Despite this, Mizoguchi was eventually pressured to make a less pessimistic ending for the film. Mizoguchi's screenwriter and long-time collaborator Yoshikata Yoda said that originally, Mizoguchi did not envision making an anti-war film, instead wishing to capture the sensations and lucidity of Ueda's book Ugetsu Monogatari.
Mizoguchi based his film on two stories from Ueda's book, "The House in the Thicket" (Asaji ga Yado) and "The Lust of the White Serpent" (Jasei no In). "The Lust of the White Serpent" is about a demon who appears as a princess and attempts to seduce a man. It was the basis of the plot in which Lady Wakasa seduces Genj?r?. "The House in the Thicket" gave the film its ending, in which the protagonist returns home after a long absence, only to meet the spirit of his lost wife. The film is set in the 16th century, though "The House in the Thicket" is set in the 15th century and "The Lust of the White Serpent" is set in an earlier time frame. Other inspirations for the film's script include Guy de Maupassant's Décoré! (How He Got the Legion of Honour). This story provided a basis for T?bei's subplot. In the short story, the protagonist receives the French Legion of Honour by ignoring his wife's adultery with a member of the Legion. Similarly, T?bei becomes a samurai while his wife becomes a prostitute.
Despite initial intentions, as the film developed, Yoda said anti-war messages, particularly about how war makes women suffer, kept surfacing and soon became the most prominent theme. While writing the script, Mizoguchi told Yoda "Whether war originates in the ruler's personal motives, or in some public concern, how violence, disguised as war, oppresses and torments the populace both physically and spiritually ... I want to emphasise this as the main theme of the film". During the shooting Yoda was constantly rewriting and revising scenes due to Mizoguchi's perfectionism.
Casting
The film was Machiko Ky?'s second collaboration with Mizoguchi, as she had a small role in his 1944 film The Three Danjuros. She had collaborated much more frequently with Masayuki Mori. As Lady Wakasa, Ky?'s costume was modeled after fashion before the Edo period and her face was designed to appear similar to a mask common in Noh theatre. As such, her eyebrows were styled using a practice known as hikimayu.
Kinuyo Tanaka, who played Miyagi, found the scene where she is a ghost to be the most stressful, as she had to play a ghost and appear to be an actual wife at the same time. After rehearsals and the shooting, Mizoguchi lit a cigarette for Mori, indicating his rare degree of satisfaction with the scene. Eitaro Ozawa, who played T?bei, said the ac
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