If you have a date, and you want to decrement it by 1 day, you can use the DATE_SUB(date, INTERVAL 1 DAY) function. You can also use the date interval subtraction operation as "date - INTERVAL 1 DAY". The tutorial exercise below gives you some good examples:
SELECT DATE_SUB(DATE('1997-03-01'), INTERVAL 1 DAY) FROM DUAL;
1997-02-28
SELECT DATE('1997-01-31') - INTERVAL 1 DAY FROM DUAL;
1997-02-28