Aesop
Biography of Aesop :
The Greek fabulist Aesop or Esop (is given the dates 620-564 BCE) was by tradition born a slave. His given name, Aesop, is the Ancient Greek word for Ethiop, the archaic word for a dark-skinned person of African origin. Although known for the fables ascribed to him, Aesop\'s existence remains uncertain and unfortunately no writings by him survive today. Numerous fables appearing under his name were gathered across the centuries and in many languages. In many of these tales animals speak and have human characteristics.
Scattered details of Aesop\'s life can be found in ancient sources, including Aristotle, Herodotus, and Plutarch. An ancient literary work called The Aesop Romance tells an episodic, probably highly fictional version of his life, including the traditional description of Aesop as a strikingly ugly slave who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states. A later tradition depicts Aesop as a black Ethiopian. Depictions of Aesop in popular culture over the last 2500 years have included several works of art and his appearance as a character in numerous books, films, plays, and television programs.
From Aristotle and Herodotus we learn that Aesop was a slave in Samos and that his masters were first a man named Xanthus and then a man named Iadmon. It is believed that he must eventually have been freed, because he met his end in the city of Delphi. Plutarch tells us that Aesop had come to Delphi on a diplomatic mission from King Croesus of Lydia, that he insulted the Delphians, and was sentenced to death on a trumped-up charge of temple theft. He was said to be thrown from a cliff (after which the Delphians suffered pestilence and famine).
The Aesop Romance
There is a highly fictional biography of Aesop, now commonly called The Aesop Romance, "an anonymous work of Greek popular literature composed around the second century of our era.... The Aesop Romance became a folkbook, a work that belonged to no one, and the occasional writer felt free to modify as it might suit him." Multiple, sometimes contradictory, versions of this work exist.
In The Aesop Romance, Aesop is a slave of Phrygian origin on the island of Samos, and extremely ugly. At first he lacks the power of speech, but after showing kindness to a priestess of Isis, is granted by the goddess not only speech but a gift for clever storytelling. After interpreting a portent for the people of Samos, Aesop is given his freedom and acts as an emissary between the Samians and King Croesus. Later he travels to the courts of (the imaginary) Lycurgus of Babylon and Nectanabo of Egypt. The story ends with Aesop\'s journey to Delphi, where he angers the citizens by telling insulting fables, is sentenced to death and, after cursing the people of Delphi, throws himself from a cliff.
The anonymously authored The Aesop Romance begins with a vivid description of Aesop\'s appearance, saying he was "of loathsome aspect...potbellied, misshapen of head, snub-nosed, swarthy, dwarfish, bandy-legged, short-armed, squint-eyed, liver-lipped—a portentous monstrosity," or as another translation has it, "a faulty creation of Prometheus when half-asleep."
Aesop, the fabulist
Though Aesop became famous across the ancient world as the teller of fables, he did not create the genre; the earliest known story with talking animals in ancient Greek is the fable of the Hawk and the Nightingale found in the work of Hesiod, who lived some three centuries before Aesop.
Sophocles in a poem made reference to Aesop\'s fable of the North Wind and the Sun. Socrates while in prison turned some of the fables into verse, of which Diogenes Laertius records a small fragment. Aesop\'s Fables continued to be revised and translated, with the addition of material from other cultures, so that the body of fables known today bears little relation to those Aesop originally told. With a surge in scholarly interest beginning toward the end of the 20th century, some attempt has been made to determine the nature and content of the very earliest fables which may be most closely linked to the historic Aesop.
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Aesop\\\'s Fables by Aesop
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Aesop, in Rhyme by Aesop and Marmaduke Park
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Æsop's Fables with Modern Instances
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Las Fábulas de Esopo, Vol. 02 by Aesop and George Fyler Townsend
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The Baby's Own Aesop by Aesop and Walter Crane
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Las Fábulas de Esopo, Vol. 01 by Aesop and George Fyler Townsend
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Las Fábulas de Esopo, Vol. 03 by Aesop and George Fyler Townsend
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